Hi everyone.
I'm Jennifer from Englishwith Jennifer.
Are you ready to study basic English with me? You can practicethe simple past with my students, Flavia and Andreia.
When we talk about the past, we use past tense verbs.
Regular verbs end in -ed.
But how do we pronounce thatending? Listen.
Okay, ladies.
You did very well with a lot of the irregular verbs.
Now we're going to talk about our regular verbs in the past tense.
Oftenyou will just add -ed or -d.
Right? Spelling can be different.
Pronunciationcan be different.
You're using some of them already.
We talked about Sylvia and how she worked in a restaurant.
Right? There's our-ed ending.
She worked long hours.
And we talked about how she opened the door.
Right? When she opened the door, she heard strange noises.
We also know that sheturned on the lights, and she saw all of her friends.
Okay.
So, a lot of the time, wejust add -ed.
Now here's a question.
Listen.
Worked.
Opened.
Worked.
Turned.
Is there a difference? Can you hear it? What's happening with “worked, ” it soundslike a /t/.
Worked.
With these ones, “opened”.
.
.
“turned.
” This sounds like a /d/.
Why? Why is that happening? Why? Why, Jennifer? Because the last sound is a consonant.
Right? Just like in English and Portuguese, we have two groups of sounds.
We have our vowels.
Mm-hmm.
A, E, I, O, U.
We have our consonants: B, C, D.
.
.
Right? Now theconsonants have two groups.
Some consonants are very quiet we call them voiceless.
There's nothing here.
It's quiet, but when we say something like an N.
.
.
/n/.
.
.
, you can put your hand onyour throat.
/n/ You feel the vibrations.
There's something.
You feel something.
Butwhen you say /k/, nothing.
Right? Do you feel? .
.
.
There's a difference.
Sowhen you have a voiceless.
.
.
voiceless consonant, it's going to sound like /t/, butwhen it's voiced, it will sound like a /d/.
For example, lived.
.
.
I lived in Russia forfive years.
I lived in Moscow.
Lived.
Why? The last sound is a /v/.
It's voiced.
Okay? Remember the story of Brittany and John? And Brittany helped John.
She helped himto learn more languages.
Right? Helped.
Helped.
Why? The last consonant is a /p/.
Voiceless.
Yeah.
So, you're going to add onthe -ed, but how you say it can be different.
Is the final sound voicelessor voiced? Okay.
When we write, often it's -ed.
But here, I just added -d.
Why?Because the last letter is “e.
” Right? So, what if I do.
.
.
“love” becomes “loved, ” and again it's voiced.
So it sounds like /d/.
And I just write a “-d.
” Loved.
Um, jumped.
Your cat jumped on the bed.
Jumped.
Exactly.
I saw a movie and Iliked it.
Liked.
Liked.
I liked it.
Liked.
Because it's just like “worked.
” Liked.
I liked it.
Voiceless consonants are also calledunvoiced consonants.
Say these voiceless consonants with me: /k, p/.
Good.
Now say those sounds before the -ed ending: worked, liked, helped, jumped.
Try saying those verbs in phrases: workedhard, liked the movie, helped me, jumped high.
Remember we also have voiced consonants.
Say these voiced consonants with me: /n, v/.
Good now say those sounds before the -edending.
Listen and repeat.
Opened, turned, lived, loved.
Say those verbs in phrases.
Listen and repeat.
Opened the door, turned on the lights, lived alone, loved eachother.
Okay.
Now let's talk about the past tense ending -ed after a vowel sound andafter the consonants T and D.
I really enjoyed my trip to Bermuda.
Enjoyed.
Enjoyed.
This is different.
“Enjoy”.
.
.
is a vowel sound.
/ɔɪ/ And thevowel sounds also are voiced, so when we have “enjoyed, ” it's going to sound like a /d/.
Enjoyed.
I enjoyed it.
I enjoyed my trip.
I enjoyed dinner.
Ienjoyed being here.
Enjoyed.
One more.
When did we meet for the first time? Do youremember which month? The three of us.
When did we start our lessons? Whoa.
April.
April or March? April.
A long time ago.
I think we started at the end of March.
Maybe.
Maybe the end of March.
Yeah.
Let's say March.
Okay.
Started.
Started.
New category.
New group.
Started.
Started.
What happened now? Start – started.
Now Ihave two syllables.
Started.
I don't say “tur-ned”.
.
.
“open-ed” “liv-ed”.
.
.
Well “open” has two syllables, but Let's look at “live” and “love.
” Lived, loved.
And with “opened” and “turned, ” I don't say “open-ed”.
.
.
“turn-ed”.
.
.
It's different.
If it's one syllable, you add an -ed, it stays one syllable.
If it's two syllables and youadd -ed, it stays two syllables.
But what does that end with ?T.
And so when youend with a T, we get one more syllable.
Start – started.
Start – started.
Because of T.
Yeah.
And there can be more.
Oh, here's a good one.
Visit.
Right?Let's say you went to NewYork.
You.
.
.
and you saw relatives.
Right? You saw some family, so you visited.
.
.
you visited some relatives.
It ends with the T.
Visited.
We talkedabout Brittany and John and how they got married.
We could also say they married.
“Got married” is more conversational, but you can also use “marry” as a verb.
And what happens when you write it? You add.
.
.
you change the y to an i and addthe -ed.
But it sounds like “enjoyed”.
.
.
“married.
” Right? It ends with a vowel; we add -ed.
Okay.
So how many groups do we have? We have these verbs.
They're voiceless.
It will end with the /t/ sound.
So repeat after me: Liked.
.
.
Worked.
.
.
Helped.
.
.
Jumped.
.
.
Now we have these verbs that end with the voiced consonant.
The -ed sounds likea /d/.
Opened.
.
.
Turned.
.
.
Turned.
.
.
and be careful not to say “tur-ned” and not “turned-duh” but Turned.
Yeah.
So you say the D, but don't add “turned-duh.
” Turned.
Okay.
Lived.
Again, not “li-ved.
” Lived.
.
.
Loved.
.
.
Good.
Right? You don't want “lo-ved”.
.
.
loved.
And not “loved-duh.
“When you have a word after it, then you can keep going.
Like, I loved it.
I lovedit.
Did you like the movie? I loved it.
I loved it.
Yeah.
I loved it.
Or I liked it.
When you end with a vowel, we add the -ed and it sounds like a/d/.
Married.
.
.
Enjoyed.
.
.
Same thing.
You could say, “Did you like it?””I enjoyed it.
I really enjoyed it.
” Try that.
I really enjoyed it.
.
.
because it ends with the /d/ sound, you're going toconnect it to the next word.
I really enjoyed it.
Today I enjoy it, but yesterdayI enjoyed it.
Enjoyed it.
Yes.
Yeah.
You have the “dit.
” Enjoyed it.
Yes.
I really enjoyed it.
.
.
Enjoyed it.
Yes.
Enjoyed it.
Yes.
It sounds like “dit.
” I reallyenjoyed it.
I really enjoyed.
.
.
enjoyed it.
.
.
And if it's easier to go slow, do it.
But you can still speaknaturally.
I really enjoyed it.
Enjoyed it.
.
.
Okay.
And then we have these verbs that add an extra syllable.
I started thelesson.
Started.
Started.
I started the lesson.
I started the lesson.
Started.
.
.
I started dinner.
.
.
.
started.
Oh, what's happening.
.
.
start ends with the 't, ' but manyAmericans are going to change that.
It will sound very much like a /d/ sound.
Soinstead of “started, ” you will hear “star-ded.
” Alright.
It sounds like /d.
.
.
d/.
Started.
We started in March.
.
.
Mm-hmm.
Started.
Visited.
Visited.
Mm-hmm.
She visited relatives.
Yeah.
Or say, “I visited family.
” I visited family.
Visited.
I visited family.
You got it.
It's difficult! Listen.
Tried.
How many syllables doesthat verb have? Tried.
One.
Repeat after me.
I tried really hard.
Listen again.
Guided.
How many syllables? Guided.
Repeat.
She guided me.
Let's seeif you understand the rules.
Answer 10 questions.
What's the past tense of “baked”? Baked.
What's the past tense of “smile”? Smiled.
What's the past tense of “play”? Played.
What's the past tense of “change”? Changed What's the past tense of “expect”? Expected.
What's the past tense of “cry”? Cried.
And the past tense of “carry?” Carried.
What's the past tense of “move”? Moved.
And the past tense of “ask”? Asked.
And finally, what's the past tense of “complete”? Completed.
Now let's see ifAndreia and Flavia understand the rules.
Ladies, I want to add more words to thislist, but you help me and tell me where the verbs go.
Cook.
Cook – cooked.
Oh! Cooked.
Right? Not “cook -ed.
” Cooked.
Where is that? Cooked.
Where does “cook” go? Cooked.
Because.
.
.
like “worked” and “liked.
” Cooked.
Um, wash.
Becomes “washed.
” /ʃ/ Do you hear? Nothing, right? Put your hand here.
Oh.
There's a difference between /ʃ/ and /ʒ/.
Yeah.
Put your hand here and feel the difference.
They're two different sounds.
“Washed.
” So SH /ʃ/ is voiceless: washed.
Like I washed my hair.
I washed my hands.
Miss.
Missed.
Not miss-ed.
Missed.
Missed.
.
.
Yes.
Missed.
Missed? M-I-S-S.
Miss – missed.
Ah.
Missed.
Exactly.
Missed.
I missed you.
I missed you.
I really missed you.
Right? Or I missed class.
You know? Show.
Showed.
You feel something, right? Showed.
Voiceless? It's voiced because think.
.
.
/oʊ/ is a vowel sound.
You said it directly.
Yeah.
Right.
Yeah.
/oʊ/ is a vowel like “marry”.
.
.
“enjoy.
“”Show” ends with a vowel sound.
Showed /oʊ/ is a vowel sound.
That's voiced.
It's going to sound like a /d/.
Showed.
This is when you can have alittle bit of fun and come up with a story.
A group of.
.
.
give me a number, a small number.
Yeah.
Five.
Five.
Okay.
A group of five cats lived together.
Name a place.
A store, a mountain.
.
.
A store.
In a store.
The store.
.
.
oh! Here's one more verb.
Let's add this.
This is good.
What do stores do? They sell things.
What happens to “sell” in the past?Sold.
Very good.
S-o-l-d.
Sold.
The store sold.
.
.
what? What did they sell? Animals.
Animals? How about pets? The store sold.
.
.
furniture.
.
.
blankets? Yes.
Or clothes.
.
.
clothes.
Or cats?Yeah! In Brazil.
.
.
has one store.
And many cats.
There were cats.
And what did they sell? And people search.
.
.
clothes.
And cats.
.
.
But the clothes had cat fur everywhere.
Yes! That's awful.
Okay.
Let's change this.
The store sold like clothing.
.
.
clothes.
Or blankets, towels.
.
.
Well, in our story, let's say it soldclothes.
It sold clothes.
The cats.
.
.
What happens to “want”? Wanted.
And look.
Itgoes over here in this group.
Want – wanted.
Wanted.
Two syllables.
The cats wantedto help.
Um, they.
.
.
I think you know some of thesealready.
What happens with “put”? It stays the same.
Correct.
Mm-hmm.
You can say “put their fur.
.
.
” I think we also did this one.
“Leave”becomes “left.
” Good.
We can use either verb here and say they put their fureverywhere/they left their fur everywhere.
Past tense of “think”? Theythought.
.
.
they thought this was helpful.
Here we have “share” /ɛɚ/Share.
It's a voiced sound.
/ɛɚ/ It's like a vowel sound.
Shared.
So it ends with a /d/.
They shared.
.
.
their pretty fur.
They shared their pretty fur withall the customers.
The customers.
.
.
what happens to “wash”? Washed.
Washed.
The customers washed the clothes at home, of course.
That's our story.
Okay.
A group of five cats lived together in a store.
The store sold clothes.
Thecats wanted to help.
They left their fur everywhere.
Theythought this was helpful.
They shared their pretty fur with all the customers.
The customers washed the clothes at home, of course.
Okay.
I'm going to say it again, and I'm going to leave out all the verbs.
You will help me.
Okay? Because I want tohear your pronunciation.
Okay.
A group of five cats together in a store.
The storesold clothes.
The cats wanted to help.
They left their fur everywhere.
They thought this was helpful.
They shared.
.
.
shared.
.
.
they shared their pretty fur with all the customers.
The customers washed.
.
.
washed the clothes at home, of course.
Okay.
Becareful with “washed.
” So we don't have “wash-ed.
” Washed.
And it sounds like /t/.
Washed.
.
.
They washed the clothes.
They washed the clothes.
Very good — because those are a lot of /t/ sounds and TH sounds.
You canpractice more on your own.
Retell the story about the cats Here are the verbsyou need.
Listen to the story one more time.
Ladies, I will read one more time.
Listen and I'll ask you questions.
Okay.
A group of five cats lived togetherin a store.
The store sold clothes.
The cats wanted to help.
They left their fur everywhere.
They thought this was helpful.
They sharedtheir pretty fur with all the customers.
The customers washed the clothes at home, of course.
How many cats lived in the store? Five.
Now give me the wholesentence.
Five cats lived in the store.
In the store.
Lived in the store.
What did thestore sell? The store sold clothes.
Very good.
What did the cats want to do? The cats wanted.
.
.
help.
Wanted to help.
So, with “wanted” you always need “to”: want to help, wanted to help.
Wanted to help.
Wanted to help.
Good.
Wanted to help.
Mm-hmm.
Where did they leave their fur? Where?Where did they leave their fur? Everywhere.
Now give me the wholesentence.
They left their fur everywhere.
They left their fur.
.
.
they left their fureverywhere.
Everywhere.
Why? What did they think? They thought this was helpful.
Correct.
Be careful with the TH.
They thought.
They thought.
.
.
they thought this washelpful.
They thought this was helpful.
This is a good story for TH, too.
They thought theythought this was helpful.
They thought this was helpful.
They thought.
.
.
theythought.
.
.
Who did they share their fur with? Who? They shared their pretty fur with.
.
.
.
with who? With all customers.
.
.
with all the customers.
With all the customers.
What did thecustomers do at home? The customers wash.
.
.
washed the clothes in the house.
Yes, in theirhouse or you say “at home.
” At home.
They washed their clothes at home, of course.
Note how I formed questions in the simple past.
Look.
Which questions use ahelping verb? These ones.
The helping verb is “did.
” This question is about thesubject.
The question word is “who.
” We don't need a helping verb here.
For morepractice, you can make more questions in the simple past.
Okay.
That's all for now.
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